Education in Wuthering Heights Essay

Education of the 18th and 19th century connects closely to the gender association of this period. Men from wealthy families were the only persons provided the opportunity to be educated at the university level. Just as many men use golf to prove their status and superiority today, these gentlemen pursued cricket and rugby. Another similarity with society today involves the importance of personal connections to further your education possibilities and business opportunities. Social standing was extremely important during this time. â€Å"Manners, money, birth, occupation and leisure time were crucial indicators of social standing, determining not only one’s place in society but one’s freedom to act, speak, learn, and earn† (Longman p. 1886). (alternate view on Victorian society) In the Victorian Era, social class was not solely dependent upon the amount of money a person had; rather, the source of income, birth, and family connections played a major role in determining one’s position in society. And, significantly, most people accepted their place in the hierarchy. In addition to money, manners, speech, clothing, education, and values revealed a person’s class. The three main classes were the elite class, the middle class, and the working class. Further divisions existed within these three class distinctions. The struggle between social classes roughly resembles a real-life conflict during this time. The book was published during the Industrial Revolution, a time of great economic change in which laborers fought for fair conditions in the workplace, and employers fought to defend themselves. People formed groups to work for their own benefit, thus, causing the separation of classes THE GENERAL EFFECT THAT STRESS ON EDUCATION AND THUS SOCIAL CLA SS BRINGS OUT IN THE NOVEL: Education is the one of the central themes in Wuthering Heights, it brings about social status and class distinction in the novel, one of the major differences that we witness between Class struggle is a central theme found in wuthering heights. Class determines hatred, marriage, financial situation and occupation in Wuthering heights. The strict guidelines of class structure break hearts, bring about marriages without love and affect the physical and emotional wellbeing of every character. Even the two main houses in Emily Bronte’s novel reflects the difference education imparts on the character’s dispositions and behaviour. The setting of the story at Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange provides a clear example of social contrast. While the Heights is depicted as simply typical and â€Å"domestic† and associated with uneducated characters: (Nelly, Heathcliff, Hareton, Zillah and Joseph) the Grange is described as a â€Å"scene of unprecedented richness† (80). Each house is associated with behaviour fitting the description. For example, when Catherine is taken into the Grange, she experiences drastic changes, thus going from a â€Å"savage† to a â€Å"lady† (80). While at this house, she rises in status, learns manners, and receives great privileges such as not having to work due to being acquaintances with the educated Isabella and Linton. Heathcliff, on the other hand, learns to classify himself as a member of the lower class, as he does not possess the education of those at the Grange. THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION (OR LACK OF EDUCATION) ON THE CHARACTERS IN WUTHERING HEIGHTS: *MY IDEA IS THAT THE THEME OF CLASS AND EDUCATION ARE INTERLINKED. EDUCATION BREEDS CLASS AS SEEN IN THE CHARACTERS OF EDGAR LINTON, ISABELLA, CATHERING EARNSHAW (TO SOME EXTENT) AND CATHERINE LINTON HEATHCLIFF: †¢Education in Wuthering Heights leads to a better understanding of class and society. The fact that Heathcliff is deprived of an education, immediately lowers his class and ranks him among the servants of Wuthering Heights, emphasized when Catherine Earnshaw returns to Wuthering Heights after her stay at the Lintons. (chapter 7) :† why how very black and cross you look!and how- how funny and grim! But that’s because I’m used to Edgar and Isabella Linton.† †¢Even though Wuthering Heights’ two families live out in the middle of nowhere, they still abide by the constraints of class. Brontà « lets us know through Catherine’s aspirations to marry Edgar Linton that Thrushcross Grange is a far superior manor to the sprawling farmhouse at Wuthering Heights. Now, the Lintons and the Earnshaws are both members of the middle class – between the working class and the elite – as they have servants running the house. But marriage to Edgar Linton is still the means through which Catherine becomes the â€Å"greatest woman of the neighbourhood† (9.59) while, as she tells Nelly, â€Å"Did it never strike you that if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars? whereas if I marry Linton, I can aid Heathcliff to rise and place him out of my brother’s power† (9.99). Being an orphan with no family ties and no land, Heathcliff is the lowest on the totem pole. That Hindley denies Heathcliff an education implies that he is trying to force him to become a servant (which is how he, in fact, refers to him several times). So it makes sense that Heathcliff’s revenge is tied directly to the novel’s class issues, because property ownership is one of the privileges of the middle class and above. :† He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do s o as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9)† †¢Heathcliff is brought up in a middle class environment with the earnshaws and then into a working class when Hindley takes over custody of Heathcliff. Heathcliff originally was of low working class, being a gypsy (a poor nomadic race of people) and had dark skin. His ethnic disposition worked against him when being judged by the Earnshaws and Linton’s. This leads to the constant belittling of Heathcliff by Hindley and the Lintons ultimately resulted in his loss of Catherine and his motivation in bring about the downfalls of the Earnshaws and Lintons. †¢Heathcliff is an orphan; therefore, his station is below everyone else in Wuthering Heights. It was unheard of to raise someone from the working class as a member of the middle-to-upper middle class. Even Nelly, who was raised with the Earnshaw children, understood her place below her childhood friends. When Mr. Earnshaw elevates the status of Heathcliff, eventually favoring him to his own son, this goes against societal norms. This combination of elevation and usurpation is why Hindley returns Heathcliff to his previous low station after the death of Mr. Earnshaw, and that is why Heathcliff relishes in the fact that Hindley’s son Hareton is reduced to the level of a common, uneducated labourer. †¢Due to the fact that Heathcliff is uneducated Catherine begins to prefer Edgar Linton’s society simply because Edgar is able to discuss more intellectual topics than Heathcliff, thus due to his lack of education and class distinct he lost the love of his life, Catherine. †¢Only after he becomes educated and more genteel does he garner more respect in the novel. †¢When Heathcliff returns, having money is not enough for Edgar to consider him a part of acceptable society, as he is not educated. Heathcliff uses his role as the outcast to encourage Isabella’s infatuation. The feelings that both Catherine and Isabella have for Heathcliff, the common laborer, cause them to lose favor with their brothers. Hindley and Edgar cannot accept the choices their sisters make and therefore, withdraw their love. When a woman betrays her class, she is betraying her family and her class — both unacceptable actions. †¢It should be noted that Heathcliff uses the Victorian’s obsession with class distinct and education against his enemies. They are tools of his revenge. CATHERINE: †¢Social class and education must be the reason Catherine marries Edgar; she is attracted to the social comforts he can supply her. No other plausible explanation exists. Catherine naively thinks she can marry Edgar and then use her position and his money to assist Heathcliff, but that would never happen. †¢The fact that her own brother Hindley deprives her true love, Heathcliff of an education makes Catherine realize the fact that Heathcliff would never be of any consequence to society as in Victorian times education and class distinct ran hand in hand. This is what broadens the chasm between Catherine and her childhood companion Heathcliff as she comes back from her stay at the Lintons. †¢It is Heathcliff’s lack of education that drives her into the society of the Lintons. †¢The fact that Hindley deprives Heathcliff of an education cements Cathy’s view of Heathcliff as a tyrant and causes a chasm between brother and sister. †¢The fact that education is such an important part of Victorian society is emphasized by Catherine’s choice to marry Linton rather than Heathcliff. Catherine’s decision to marry Edgar Linton rather than Heathcliff, and this decision widens the gap between social classes. Edgar Linton is a wealthy man of high status and education, and Heathcliff is poor and possesses no assets. Catherine does not consider personal feelings, but instead, she focuses on her outward appearance to society. â€Å"Edgar Linton will be rich and I shall like to be the greatest woman of the neighborhood whereas if Heathcliff and I married, we should be beggars (81).† It is obvious that wealth justifies social class, and Catherine strives to achieve high status. HINDLEY: †¢Out of all the characters in the novel, Hindley seems to be the most worldly, from a young age he is sent off to college, mainly due to his father’s deference to Heathcliff. This causes us to believe that he is more exposed to Victorian class distinction, more than the other characters of the novel as he is sagacious enough that he discovers that by depriving Heathcliff of an education he ultimately separates him from Catherine as he is then ranked among a servant. †¢Due to Heathcliff, in a cyclical turn of events, Hindley’s own son due a combination of his own neglect and Heathcliff’s cruelty is deprived of education. The fact that he is deprived of education deprives him of any social consequence and his own birthright, emphasizing Emily Bronte’s theme that class and social standing can’t exist without education. EDGAR LINTON: †¢Edgar Linton is a wealthy and well-educated with a noticeably higher ranking than the tenants of Wuthering Heights. †¢Although his rank has made him rather weak- willed and effeminate in character. (Emily Bronte seems to associate the genteel class with slightly effeminate characteristics) he is well educated and this leads him to win the heart of Catherine. †¢His high social status and education make him dislike Heathcliff whom he regards as a ‘gypsy’, his wife and sister’s regard for a man with such low education is a cause for his extreme dislike towards Heathcliff †¢Edgar embodies Victorian society’s idea of a well- educated. Cultured gentleman. Emily Bronte uses Edgar to depict the value of education in such a society, he is a complete contrast to the character of Heathcliff. HARETON: †¢while Hareton’s outward behaviour might suggest a lack of character, he responds to Cathy’s beauty and love by striving to improve his mind. Hareton realizes the importance of education in Victorian society. †¢Heathcliff’s revenge on him is to make Hareton a double of a younger Heathcliff, by denying Hareton his right to an education he makes Hareton less than a servant in Victorian society. This is emphasized by Linton Heathcliff and Catherine Linton’s treatment of him. CATHERINE LINTON: †¢Wuthering heights is famous due to Emily Bronte’s use of doubles or ‘shadowing’ both mother (Catherine Earnshaw) and daughter (Catherine Linton) share a distate for those characters with a lack of education, emphasizing the Victorian era’s obsession with education and the important role it played in class distinction. †¢Catherine Linton shows distaste and even disgust towards her uneducated cousin Hareton, she is shocked that they are related and mocks him with her more cultured cousin Linton Heathcliff †¢It is Catherine’s distaste at Hareton’s lack of education that prevents her from seeing the aid Hareton was attempting to provide when she is forcibly taken to Wuthering Heights by Heathcliff. Isabella: †¢Isabella’s regard for the ‘gypsy’, Heathcliff who she pays no mind to as a child only grows when he returns from his expeditions as an educated man. †¢When Isabella marries Heathcliff she betrays her cultured and educated upbringing leading to estrangement from her brother this emphasizes the chasm that Heathcliff’s lack of education creates throughout the book, separating characters and damaging relationships. It also shows the social unacceptability of being uneducated in England in the Victorian era. QUOTATIONS REPRESENTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF EDUCATION IN THE NOVEL: (the quotes are cited chapter.paragraph) †¢He drove him from their company to the servants, deprived him of the instructions of the curate, and insisted that he should labour out of doors instead; compelling him to do so as hard as any other lad on the farm. (6.9) ïÆ'ËœHindley’s project to punish his father’s favorite begins as soon as the old man dies. To make Heathcliff a farmhand, bereft of education (instructions), is to put him in the lowest possible position. The gentry never work with their hands. †¢[Hindley] wished earnestly to see her bring honour to the family by an alliance with the Lintons, and as long as she let him alone she might trample on us like slaves, for aught he cared! (9.152) Hindley has designs on the Lintons’ social status. Nelly resents the treatment she receives from Catherine. Nelly (who is speaking here) may not be a slave, but she is a servant – yet more often than not she acts like a family member. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"but he yielded completely and there was no prevailing on him to take a step in the way of moving upward, when he found he must necessarily sink beneath his former level† chapter 8 †¢:†what good do I get- what do you talk about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦or for anything you fo either!† chapter 8 †¢:†and he will be rich and i†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..husband† chapter 9 †¢:†and the curate doesn’t teach you to read and write,†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Heathcliff had promised that† chapter 10 †¢:†papa is gone to fetch†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.relationship with such a clown† chapter 4 volume 2 †¢:†he has satisfied my expectations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.he takes pride in his brutishness† chapter 7 volume 2. †¢:†he does not know his letters†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.dunce?† †¢:†Mr H areton is not envious†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..in a few years† chapter 16 volume 2 †¢:†and tell him if he’ll take it†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..never tease him again.† Chapter 18 volume 2 EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: Walker also makes it evident to readers the level of education many of the blacks in the novel had received, which is representative of the black community in the South as a whole in those days. As Walker shows, many females did not finish school, and were instead married away at early ages. Also, many young males were not able to attend school long, considering they were needed to help farm the land. Because of this, most of dialogue in the book is written as if an uneducated person was trying to speak English. For example, many sentences appear to have not only spelling, but grammatical errors as well, such as â€Å"Where us going? ast the oldest girl.† In one of the main character’s, Celie, letters to her sister Nettie, she comments on how two women are trying to teach her how to â€Å"talk†. She states, â€Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† However, in Nettie’s letters to Celie, Walker uses correct grammar and spelling. This is because Nettie was more educated than most of the black people in the South, going to school for many years. Therefore, Walker is using the two sister’s English to show a direct contradiction in the way most blacks in the South at that time spoke, and the way a few that were schooled well spoke. Thus, the reader is able to gauge the education level of the characters in the book by their dialogue. This level is in direct correlation with the level of education of the blacks that really did exist in the South after the Civil War, due to lack of school funding and time for learning. Celie’s point of view is particularly interested. Unlike Nettie, Celie is an uneducated woman, having been forced to drop out of school around the age of fourteen when she became pregnant by her Pa. Her lack of education is apparent from her poor spelling and grammar. Nettie, however, is educated. Her spelling and grammar are correct, and her letters discuss more complex topics, such as women’s rights, civil rights, religion, politics, and more. However, it isn’t only Nettie that has an interesting story to tell. Despite Celie’s poor educational background, Celie tells a powerful story. In this sense, Walker’s chosen narrator shows that all people, including poor, uneducated, victimized black women have an important story to tell. QUOTES ABOUT EDUCATION IN THE COLOR PURPLE: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Olinka girls do not believe girls should be educated. When I asked a mother why she thought this, she said: A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something. What can she become? I asked. Why, she said, the mother of his children But I am not the mother of anybody’s children, I said, and I am something.† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"She say us not so hot. A dead country give-away. You say US where most people say WE, she say, and peoples think you dumb. Colored peoples think you a hick and white folks be amuse.† †¢Why do they say I will be a wife of the chief? asks Olivia. That is as high as they can think, I tell her. He is fat and shiny with huge perfect teeth. She thinks she has nightmares about him. You will grow up to be a strong Christian woman, I tell her. Someone who helps her people to advance. You will be a teacher or a nurse. You will travel. You will know many people greater than the chief. Will Tashi? she wants to know. Yes, I tell her, Tashi too. (62.13-18) †¢Tashi is very intelligent, I said. She could be a teacher. A nurse. She could help the people in the village. There is no place here for a woman to do those things, he said. Then we should leave, I said. Sister Corrine and I. No, no, he said. Teach only the boys? I asked. Yes, he said, as if my question was agreement. There is a way that the men speak to women that reminds me too much of Pa. (63.14-20)

Humour and Leadership

Leaders in today’s cut throat world of corporate industry face an enormous challenge. In the midst of achieving the organisation’s goals and pursuing profits, how do leaders build teamwork, motivate their subordinates, convey their sometimes demanding managerial concerns and reduce stress in a way that produces positivity and productivity? Is it possible to be serious at work without actually being serious at work? To answer this question, this essay will look at research surrounding leadership characteristics and investigate how humour can practically have an impact on leadership effectiveness. How do we define humour? Humour is a verbal or nonverbal activity eliciting a positive cognitive or affective response from listeners and must be connected to context in order to be truly funny. The definition includes puns, jokes, stories, anecdotes, physical actions etc (Meyer, 1990). According to Sarros and Barker (2003), humour is the ability to invoke laughter or see the funny side of a painful predicament. In their study of Australian managers, Sarros and Barker (2003) established that the character attribute of humour was rated the second highest behind integrity. Humour may seem an unlikely component for a leader, however Barker and Coy (2003) also recognised the importance of humour. They identified seven virtues by which Australian executives could be identified and humour was included. Eckert and Vehar (2000) state: â€Å"It’s possible to do serious work without being serious. In fact, it’s actually counterproductive to do it any other way. Research on environments that foster innovation shows that playfulness and humour are critically supportive elements. We can be serious about what we’re doing without taking ourselves seriously, and we must. With humour in the workplace being established as a component for effective leadership, the way in which it is used needs to be looked at. According to Anderson (2011), humour is best when it is used deliberately, and advises it to be planned but flow naturally according to one’s personality. There are many opportunities for humor to be used. While the telling of a joke is a good starting point, humour that uplifts is much more positive and this can occur during speeches, within memos or even at the conclusion of an email (Avolia et al 1999). There are many benefits as to why a leader would use humour in the workplace. According to Davis and Kleiner (1989), humour has the potential to achieve three outcomes, these are, 1. Stress Reduction in the workplace, 2. Conveying managerial concerns and 3. Motivating employees. Hughes and Avey (2009) add weight to this as their research suggests that when a leader uses humour, they elicit a greater commitment from their followers to the organisation and build a much deeper level of trust. Furthermore Holmes and Marra’s (2006) research on humour in the work place identified a wide range of functions including the use of humour as a solidarity strategy, establishing, maintaining and developing workplace relationships and contributing to the process of creating a sense of team through humour as a subversive strategy, contesting, challenging and undermining the achievement of workplace objectives. Humour in the workplace is incredibly profitable for some organisations. According to Stevenson (2004) organisations are starting to see the important role that humour plays towards leadership, motivation, innovation and creativity. Some of these initiatives have been stated by Morreall (1983) and include such organisations as Kodak and Price Waterhouse establishing humour rooms within their buildings. He goes on to add that because humour has such a profound affect on the body, even hospitals are using it to enhance the healing process. You could argue that God, through Solomon’s writings, has always been aware of the powerful impact humour can have; â€Å"A cheerful heart is good medicine, but a crushed spirit dries up the bones. † Proverbs 17 v 22 (TNIV 2005). I am currently working as a youth worker for a not for profit organisation. The nature of working in community welfare can be at times be extremely serious, so to counter the seriousness our team have written into our yearly plan to include times of spontaneous dancing in the office. Not that anyone can seem to dance with any real coordination or skill. However it’s exactly the opposite and it allows our team to laugh at and with each other as a way of building morale and combating stress relief. Not all leaders are funny and not all humour is effective. When a leader tries too hard to be funny, it has the potential to undermine their leadership. If the humour is seen as sarcastic or mean spirited, it will certainly alienate staff (Sala 2003). In a list of cautions given by Jonas (2004), who agrees with the idea that humour should be handled like hazardous material, the list of cautions include: Aggressive or put down humour which attacks people or humour based on topics which centre on sex or illegal activity. One would have to include humour which degrades gender and humour which slanders religious beliefs also. Avolio, Howell and Sosik (1999) found that some employee's view the use of humor to be inconsistent with the seriousness of the issues being examined and, depending upon the circumstances, the inappropriate use of humor may have detracted from, rather than contributing to, the eventual outcomes. In some instances, Avolio et al. also believe the use of humour leads employees to view their leaders as insensitive to their needs. When a leader uses humour, there is significant potential for good outcomes. Humour has the ability to go beneath the surface and affect the working environment to such an extent that organisations are seeing the benefit of including ‘humour rooms’ within their organisation. A simple joke about work which is shared among colleagues has the potential to build solidarity and form a bond between colleagues which in turn provides a more positive working environment and greater productivity. While there are some dangers in using humour, however a leader who uses humour wisely can most certainly have an effective and positive impact in their workplace.

The Five Doctrines of Islamic Faith

Axia college The standard beliefs of Islam are identified as theFive Doctrines of Islamic Faith. They are documented as such, the unquestioned unity of God, the belief in the prophets, the recognition of angels, belief in scripture or koran, and belief in the coming of Final Judgment. Islam is built on the five pillars or acts of worship. These FivePillars describe the expected obligations performed by a Muslim follower. These are described as the basic framework for worship in a Muslim life. The five are as follows declaration of faith, prayer, having concern for the needy, self-purification, and pilgrimage to Mecca. Pillar number one is Al-Shahadaor the declaration of faith. The pillar outlines that all followers must announce their faith to enter into Islam in the presence of witnesses. A kep point of this is knowing that Allah is the only one worthy of your worship. Pillar number two is Salat or prayer, which is required of all Muslims once adulthood is established. Prayer is a daily occurance to be exact five timesper day. Prayer lasts five to ten minutes each time. Pillar number three is Zakat or charity. The islam belief is that all prosperity and wealth is only worthy of God, and God’s desire is for Muslims to express generocity in life. Zakat requires the giving of a piece of a persons financial wealth to charity at the conclusion of the year. Pillar number four is Sawm or fasting. Every Muslim is required to fast for Ramadan which falls at month number nine of the muslim calendar. The muslim reasoning for fasting is to cleanse you spiritually and physically as well as focus your attention on spiritual aspects rather than on physical ones. Fasting for Muslims includes refraining from eating or drinking anything as well as having sexual intercourse from dawn to dusk. The last Pillar is Hajj or the pilgrimage to Mecca. Every Muslim outside of those who are physically or financially unable, must makethe pilgrimage to Mecca at least once during the course of life. My thought is that the declaration of faith would be the easiest because its a one time pillar that takes a short time. The most challenging would be the fast from dusk to dawn because I would find it difficult to focus all day with no food for 12 hours or so.

Community and Problem-Solving Policing Research Paper

Community and Problem-Solving Policing - Research Paper Example on the way that communities and institutional arrangements themselves can replicate crime; honoring traditions of community policing and deputies; and partnerships with existing agencies rather than replacement of them. Community-oriented policing might seem to be a new approach, but it is in fact an incredibly old form. â€Å"The history of modern law enforcement began 166 years ago with the formation of the London Metropolitan Police District in 1829. By creating a new police force, the British Parliament hoped to address the soaring crime rate in and around the nations capital...To implement fully the beat concept, Peel instituted his second most enduring innovation: The paramilitary command structure. While Peel believed overall civilian control to be essential, he also believed that only military discipline would ensure that constables actually walked their beats and enforced the law on Londons mean streets, something their nonmilitary predecessors, the watchmen, had failed to do† (Patterson). Ironically, elements that community-policing advocates nowadays think are opposed to community policing actually were part and parcel of it: A regular beat, centralized authority established in th e community, etc. The regular beat of his â€Å"bobbies† let people become familiar with established authorities and let the officers become intimately familiar with the community, being able to identify hot spots. Community-oriented policing in the modern era is defined as follows: â€Å"Community Policing is a collaborative effort between a police department and community that identifies problems of crime and disorder and involves all elements of the community in the search for solutions to these problems. It is founded on close, mutually beneficial ties between police and community members. At the center of community policing are three essential and complementary core components: Partnerships between the police and the community. Problem Solving as a method to identify and

Options for Implementing a Leadership Change Essay

Options for Implementing a Leadership Change - Essay Example Moreover generating short term wins. Also, making sure that the change is here to stay, and be altered again as per the need of the hour. Kotter moreover maintains that a big number of individuals are required to make alterations take place rather than any single individual along with their wants to be a society of leadership inside the organization. The people, who have contributed in the formation of the organization, were not in for it for fame, they were in it for the passion of the field of bio technology, and how they wanted to change the whole field of research with their remarkable findings. Looking at Don , it seems that he has been a good leader moving on with his participative style of leadership until this point in time , he has maintained a very cooperative environment , and also has maintained a very cordial relationship with the pioneer team members which has reaped him huge fame and revenues. Accordingly, he has always recognized his employee efforts at each and every step of his progress (Kelly, 1998). Now, currently, the company is facing the scenario of globalization that is taking place around the world very rapidly in every field of life .The bio technology field now demands innovative technology products and new research genres, for which Don along with the approval of his board members is jumping onto the act of an IPO. Wherein, presumably the results will put them on a higher scale even in terms of Wall Street as well as his own corporation, by going public. Gene one needs to work really hard on the project as the team members who are within the senior management are not too experienced with the concept f handling an entire IPO process. It also seems that this is taking a toll on all the senior management's attitude as well as their performance and relationship amongst each other and amongst their team members. As a result of the new suggestion of switching onto an IPO and public, the team members and the other players, have started laying hands on each other, presuming that the target is unachievable, some of them are also presumable not too happy about the IPO decision. Within this situation Teri sends in her resignation, which is compelling don to think that maybe he is not the right person to be handling or leading his team at this point in time. There are several recommendations that can be made but it would be best to relate to this with the leadership literature. A change strategy: Don to begin with needs to comprehend the detail that victorious leadership approaches ought to diverge with administrative inferences of change in addition to the total of time required to achieve the desired revisions. additionally his team members who think about this stride of

Deconstructivism and Bilbao museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Deconstructivism and Bilbao museum - Essay Example The new Guggenheim Museum designed by Frank Gehry which currently stands in Bilbao, Spain, is found to be an incredible piece of proof that exhibits how the theory of Deconstructivism may be exemplified at its finest, at least to the sensible findings of The Times’ critic Herbert Muschamp. It could well be an exact concretization of the core substance of Deconstructivism as many would expect based on the fundamental working definition. What Muschamp has come to discover as ‘The Miracle of Bilbao’, being the new Guggenheim Museum, is the reason behind the frequency of pilgrimage to the town at the Basque country’s northeast corner. Muschamp further expresses â€Å"Those who visit Bilbao, however, may come away thinking that art is not entirely remote from matters of life and death.† According to him, it is not Gehry’s structure nor the physical sight of it that causes the miracle to happen but that which bears the capacity of attracting pilgrim s is the â€Å"extravagant optimism† – a positive consequence in the attitude of watching the museum take shape then having a sort of perception that is bound to make an audience pass on a promising impression. Hence, among art intellectuals, a querying testimony of magnificence emerges where one is led to promote with conviction asking â€Å"Have you been to Bilbao?† and equivalently, â€Å"Have you seen the light? Have you seen the future?† Through Gehry’s creation in Bilbao, as featured in Muschamp’s discourse, the concept of Destructivism has been materialized via major work which turned out. to be an architectural entity capable of projecting a â€Å"broad range of meanings† that may serve to embody â€Å"contemporary social and cultural norms.† By theoretical endeavour, Destructivism challenges the typical objective of methodologists in art who are mostly concerned and accustomed to rely upon the established idea of certa inty or unified thoughts which would necessarily systematize the process of constructing the intended object or piece for which a fixed identity is given (Germizaj 1). Correspondingly, Guggenheim Museum speaks of such truth as Gehry employs â€Å"social fragmentation†, a sense of fashion in artistry that may seem strange to those who lack poststructuralist orientation or view of exploring socio-cultural meanings by which broad associations occur and criticisms naturally develop out of rich perspectives since ‘fragments’ are brought across instead of ‘unity’ or ‘wholeness’ which singularizes interpretation thereof. One looks into Gehry’s work in detail, exterior and interior-wise alike, with a possibility of confessing that while an aspect of his craft reminds of something, the rest entails something else as well, when thorough examination reveals that the parts are actually independent of each other in the context of culture or so ciety being conveyed within

Management Styles & Decisions IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Styles & Decisions IP - Research Paper Example The company would like to create an additional layer of management to focus on the global initiatives while lower level management focuses on day to day operations. In making recommendations a consulting firm must address each concern of the company. Any change within an organizational structure requires first identifying and examining what objectives the company would like to achieve and then deciding how best to achieve those objectives. Global expansion efforts that are not successful due to complete thorough and well made plans will cost the company time and money and management effort will be wasted. Risk assessments evaluation should be done on the company’s global expansion and careful market research should be completed by both an inside and outside organization if this is possible. Developing a new company vision to involve a culturally aware mission statement should also include global values and managers who operate in a globally sensitive way. Determining what structure the new organizational type should be will guide the focus of new efforts. A team based structure provides integration and flexibility though it is size limited and can lack role clarity and technical excellence. To compensate for these weaknesses information technology, rewards systems, skills development tools and integrating roles should be focused on (Digeorgio). Employee morale as reported by the company is mixed, with half of the employees eager to move into management positions and the other half being satisfied in their current status. Budget restraints do not allow everyone within the company to be promoted and performances evaluations show not everyone within the company have been performing satisfactorily. Using employee recognition programs could provide incentive to improvement in those employees who will not be offered promotions or upper level management positions. Reward programs create a positive impact on customer focus and

External and Internal Environmental Analysis - Apple Research Paper

External and Internal Environmental Analysis - Apple - Research Paper Example The current business environment is volatile and changing. In order to survive and thrive in this competitive environment, firms will have to monitor and analyze the internal and external environment conditions before taking any business decision. In the present research paper, an external and internal environment analysis of Apple has been done. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT External environment can be described as the factors, entities, conditions and events surrounding a firm, which influence its choices and activities. In a multinational organization, external environment analysis is essential. Apple is a global organization operating worldwide. Thus, external factors surrounding the parent company and the subsidiaries and branches will have an effect on the overall decision making process. An external environment is also known as an operating environment. Apple Corporation falls in the consumer electronics sector and is involved in designing and manufacturing of computer hardware, softwa re and other computer related operations. The major external factors which influence the decision making process and the computer industry are: 1. Rising price competition 2. Rapid changes in technology 3. Changing consumer preference Slow market growth and growing competition from local brands are the major reason for the rise in price wars (Knox, 2004). The majority of emerging countries have witnessed a host of local brands, selling brands and variants akin to iPhones and smart phones. They are sold at low prices, and there is an increasing pressure among bigger brands to decrease their price. In case of developed countries, price competition arises because of availability of a large number of variants from the same brand. Thus, competitors such as Samsung, IBM, HP, etc. launch more versions in developed counties, thereby intensifying competition. Rapid changes in technology have decreased the shelf life of electronic goods. More and more companies are now able to replicate the a vailable technologies. By adding a few features in those technologies, these brands gain a competitive advantage. Apple faces major competition in personal computers and mobile laptops. Apart from that, a slow market and product similarities among most of its product categories have also resulted in an increased competition. Changing consumer preferences is another external operating condition, which impacts the decision making process of Apple. Consumers have become more conscious as a result of the recent economic downturn. As a result, the sale of high-end smart phones and laptops has decreased, especially in emerging nations. Considering that emerging nations are the highest growth contributors for companies such as Apple, monitoring and establishing proper strategies will be crucial for a sustainable future growth. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT Innovation and creativity have always been the internal strengths for Apple (Rufat-Latre, Muller, & Jones, 2010). Designing and developing most distinctive products and capturing a market share on the basis of innovation has made Apple one of the most renowned computer software companies of the world. However, with the advancement of technology and modern capabilities, it is not taking much time for other brands to imitate Apple’s design and launch in the market with added features. Apart from that, it is very difficult to patent each and every design which Apple produces. Technology and human resource can be described as the most important and crucial

New venture development with the guidance of a mentor Essay

New venture development with the guidance of a mentor - Essay Example Cope (473-491) pointed out that how it feels like creating a new business venture without mentors? The question 1 also depicts the same question but in different fashion. Bakker, Curseu and Vermeulen (95-219) stressed on Social cognitive learning theory (SCLT) in order to highlight the fact that first-time entrepreneurs need support from an experienced mentor or suggestion from peer group in order to be succeeded. Cope (473-491) conducted research on novice entrepreneurs and found that in most of the cases, these entrepreneurs faced challenges while establishing new ventures. For example, one entrepreneur told that he was completely in dark about the future of the business in next 5 years while one told that she did not have the knowledge about how much resource to be allocated at what sector of the venture and other novice entrepreneur told that he broke down after his first attempt to establish business venture failed. Phenomenological analysis of the problems faced by these novice entrepreneurs reveals the fact that fear has created in the mind of these entrepreneurs due to failure of first venture and scope of infusing the social leaning through experienced mentor. Politis (399-424) argued that social capital theory and learning model can be used to understand lived experience of an entrepreneur while starting new venture. Politis (399-424) stated that enthusiasm level of entrepreneurs remains high while starting the new venture and it has been fuelled by the dream to grab the opportunity but in most of the cases, these entrepreneurs lack the social learning which can guide them to do the business. There can be four types of learning modes such as accommodator, diverge, converge and assimilator. Armstrong (527) argued that the four learning platform should be integrated in single frame in order to increase the risk taking capacity of entrepreneurs. Armstrong (527) stated that in most of the cases, a novice entrepreneur lacks the strategic thinking capabilit y, business knowledge, lack of idea regarding life cycle of the startup venture, business experience but such incompetence can be addressed by taking guide of an experienced individual. It is evident from the research works of Armstrong (527) and Politis (399-424) that ability to take calculated risk is essential for a novice entrepreneur to become successful. But, presence of a social group or mentor can help a novice entrepreneur to take calculated risk by transferring knowledge about risk management, enterprise establishment, metamorphosis from different stages of enterprise life cycle etc. Although, there are examples of entrepreneurs who established successful enterprise without having mentor but in other cases, novice entrepreneurs lacks all four kinds of learning phase such as accommodating, diverging, converging and assimilating necessary knowledge to establish a successful enterprise (Politis, 399-424). Hence, the researcher has found that Social cognitive learning theory ( SCLT) can be successfully used to understand the need of mentor in the life of a new entrepreneur while the theory should be further elaborated in order to frame the metamorphosis of a novice entrepreneur into a successful one. Question 2 Singh, Bains and Vinnicombe (389-405) defined mentoring as the asymmetric relationship between a more experienced and knowledgeable individual and protege. A mentor takes the protege under his/her

Agree or disagree with Lay Off the Layoffs Essay

Agree or disagree with Lay Off the Layoffs - Essay Example One shares similar contentions that despite the apparent justification or rationales of organizations that opt to lay-off employees, the long-term negative effects are immensely significant to overlook. It is commendable to have provided the general reasons why organizations resort to layoffs in the first place. I am sure that members of the board of directors, the executive management team, as well as senior management, have all exhausted strategies, resources, time, and efforts to ensure that their respective organizations would survive the most tediously pressing impact of recessionary effects that impinge on their operations. As revealed, â€Å"the majority of the layoffs that have taken place during this recession†¦arent the result of a broken business model† (Pfeffer par. 4). Therefore, I honestly believe that the people who have direct governance and jurisdiction to ensuring that the organization survives have done their respective extensive and comprehensive research before resorting to the controversial downsizing decision. In retrospect, one would like to take the position of the devil’s advocate in trying to evaluate, despite knowing the costs of layoffs, why would management still opt to decide on downsizing if it would mean the demise of the organization? After taking into consideration the myths in downsizing, one realizes that as the last option to ensure continued survival of the organization in a recession, the effectiveness of even considering this option lies in the manner by which downsizing or layoffs are communicated, implemented, and managed. Not all organizations that downsized failed. In much the same way, not all organizations that should have laid off employees and did not, succeed. The recent hullaballoo regarding Microsoft’s memo signifying laying off thousands of employees had stirred mixed reactions (Roose). According to Foley, â€Å"as a result of the layoffs, Microsoft officials said the

Describing demonstrative communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Describing demonstrative communication - Essay Example Thus, the essay will describe demonstrative communication by presenting its clear definition, the various ways through which it is conveyed and demonstrate how it can be effective and ineffective as well as positive and negative. The essay will also demonstrate how demonstrative communication involves listening and responding. According to Sonneborn (2012), demonstrative communication is the process of transmitting information using actions and human attributes that partake common significance and arouse particular meanings to others. Therefore, it is conveyed using various options which include; kinesics and visual cues such as facial expressions, eye movements, gestures and body movements; vocal cues which include; tone of voice, volume, and pitch variation; and proxemics traits involving space and distance during communication. It can also be conveyed through traits such as appearance, smell, color and time just to mention a few. It is estimated that 93 percent of the overall communication process involves demonstrative communication. Thus, it is used in a wide range of functions during communication which include; (1) contradicting verbal messages, which is mainly observed when the information being conveyed is in contradiction with the body movements being observed. (2) Emphasizing information being forwarded by the word of mouth. (3) Regulating interactions among individuals by demonstrating who should speak next. And (4) substituting some of the verbal words used to convey particular information. With that said demonstrative communication can be effective or ineffective depending on the context in which it is displayed. It is referred as effective whenever the listener is able to decode the nonverbal cues efficiently and obtain the required meaning put across. In return, this enables individuals to resolve conflicts, display affection, and build on trust and respect amongst themselves (Sonneborn, 2012). For instance, an

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Example for Free

Adjusting to Terrorism Essay Due to significant changes within the criminal justice system in the United States of America, the effort to combat terrorism has grown to be more effective. The terrorist attack that occurred during September 11, 2001, this terrorist attack happen to take place on American soil and become and monumental period in American history. Prior to September 11, 2001, the United States was more in a relax mode when regarding to a federal, state, and local problems. The resources were not leveraged in certain cities and the capacity tended to focus on terrorism. The changes that required significant analysis on the attacks reflected how the country and local agencies around the country have adjusted to the threat of terrorism. A major component in the criminal justice system has contributed to the adjustment of the attack for the Department of Homeland Security. See more:Â  The 3 Types of Satire Essay I would consider using the Patriot Act which is defined as a response to terrorist attacks to September 11th, significantly reduced restrictions in a law enforcement agency. The intelligence of gathering information is for the United States of America. The combat efforts that I have gathered to aid my situation and provision of the Patriot Act are to prevent another catastrophic attack on United States soil. I have already proved extraordinarily beneficial for the war on terrorism that we have to the opportunity to use and tackle it head on. By resulting in a free flow of information that can be retrieve and coordinated between different law enforcement agencies can help produce the intelligence information that is need to show the expansion of our ability to use all appropriate resources to prevent terrorism. My next step is trying and improves the technology in the US. Many experts tend to think that it is unnecessary for us to focus on vehicle crossing the borders. Majority of the vehicles crossing the border could be the most dangerous, because they will be transporting massive equipment to cause disruptions in the United States. The process to stay alert and aware of the different types of technology will be critical for us to stay afloat. Reference FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.fbi.gov

Analyzing The ERP Implementation Of Companies Information Technology Essay

Analyzing The ERP Implementation Of Companies Information Technology Essay Looking into the business processes implementation of Tesco one of the leading food retail companies in the UK which has gone from strength to strength in the food retail and established it is presence in Europe, US and Asia and analyse Enterprise Resource Planning implementation in one of the leading food retailers operating in 14 countries around the world and how these operations are run and analyse the challenges faced and lessons learnt. PROJECT DELIVERABLES: 1. Identify five critical business processes 2. Plot the process map of the organization 3. Analyze the type of BPR implementation in the company 4. Analyze the ERP implementation in the company and the challenges 5. Business benefits and learnings Company Background We have selected to study the food retail giant Tesco PLC the largest food retailer in the UK employing over 470,000 people with revenue of over  £54 billion in 2009. There are about 4,331 Tesco stores in fourteen countries worldwide. This famous food retailer was founded in 1919 and in 1929 opened its first ever food retail store in Edgware, London. It has rapidly evolved over the years and has established itself a prominent position among the food retails giants in UK. Tescos Core Business is based in the UK and has operations mainly in USA, Europe and Asia. Fig 1: Tesco Operations around the world With its expansion to other countries Tesco had to standardize the IT systems and business processes to sustain the overseas business which has facilitated a unique and homogenized way of working in 3,263 stores in all 14 countries.This project involved standardising the business processes and IT systems used to dealing with customers and day to day running of stores, financial and in-store systems warehousing, payroll and distribution systems. This execution of business process was initiated a couple of years after Tesco-in-a-Box  system to even out an enterprise resource planning system Oracle in each region of business operation. Tesco carries out and provides services via online retail websites tesco.com and Tesco Direct and offers financial services through Tesco Personal Finance and broadband internet connections services. Fig 2: UK Food Retailers by Market share Tesco products fall under the category of Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) and (Non-FMCG) or durable consumer goods. Sourcing and Procurement TIS Tesco International Sourcing Hong Kong does the procurement, commercial design, management, quality control, production and deals with all the 50,000 product lines customs documents. The operation is of a phenomenal scale. This station deals with 800 suppliers in more than 1200 factories. International Sourcing manages the end-to-end procurement process TIS Tesco International Sourcing Hong Kong does the procurement, commercial design, management, quality control, production and deals with all the 50,000 product lines customs documents. The operation is of a phenomenal scale. This station deals with 800 suppliers in more than 1200 factories. Hong Kong-based global supply and sourcing operations was founded in 1970.It supplies 12 countries, supplies 60% of UK clothing, durable goods 41% UK, 44 countries from 50,000 sku, 58 seaports, 72.000 containers, 533 employees and No. 1 retailer in the UK buying office Six new regional purchasing offices will be soon opened by Tesco to boost local sourcing from close by supplier and farmers. Tesco procurement includes the following processes for acquiring goods: Procurement planning: identifying and determining which product or products need to be acquired, the quantity, quality and Product description Searching Suppliers: Having identified the products and product specifications, the search for suppliers and sources begins Tendering: Receiving quotes, offers, and negotiation with potential suppliers begins Supplier Selection: the bids, offers and proposal are assessed in order to choose the right one Formal Agreement: making certain that supplier will meet the expected requirements of the business and terms and conditions Signing the Contract: formal legally binding agreement is signed based on the mutually agreed business terms Purchasing Non-Food: Costs and Logistics Centralized procurement system is used by Tesco in its growing business. The procurement system is Oracle retail that supports Tescos centralized buying of non-food items in bulk and the centralized purchasing system facilitates order generation through which supply chain and procurement are controlled centrally. Buying Power: bulk buying discounts; critical mass drives down costs. Direct Sourcing: (65% UK clothing) eliminates intermediary agent mark-up: captures greater percentage of gross margins. International Purchasing: low cost factors of textile production (labour, materials) in Asia (India, Sri Lanka, China, Indonesia). Distribution: Initially utilized existing purchasing and distribution channels. Subsequent development of efficient dedicated N-F infrastructure: warehouses, logistics and specialized management systems. Inventory control All products of Tesco PLC have different shelf life and one of the key performance indicators accepted by Tesco PLC is the right products at the right time in the right condition Indexes of the products delivered by them to the consumer. Inventory control allows Tesco PLC to achieve low inventory levels thereby reducing costs and achieve greater value index. Inventory control however, does not aim to specifically reduce inventory, a sufficient inventory levels must be maintained to have a service level at the Depot of 95% RAD. It also helps to reduce distribution runs thereby saving transportation and logistics costs. Human Resource and Finance Human resources management is a pivotal element of any successful business company; the information received through this area should be continuously monitored and correct evaluation for professional development and social protection of workers. Nonetheless, owing to the fact that large amount of information which is processed in this area, the job gets harder day by day. ERP is depicted as a useful tool to assist and guide users to focus their work in direct relationship with staff, and to relate personal skills and aspirations of staff related to the companys goals and objectives. The crucial application and system of cash management helps manage your account which includes credit cards, banks and saving institutions and all these required functions are simply based in one place. The cash management applications offer making deposits, printing checks, cost of funds transfer and reconciliation of cash accounts facilities to accounting staff. Logistics and Distribution Logistics management deals with the activities related to the physical flow of goods and products, raw materials and the obtaining of materials from sales to the customers which include distribution of products and goods, storage and production. Logistics environment integration is achieved by bringing together all and every activity constituting it. Tesco distribution centres are responsible for ensuring that the goods are delivered to the stores on time. Tesco has primary and secondary distribution areas. Primary distribution has the duty of delivering the products and goods from suppliers to the Tesco depots. Secondary distribution has the job of getting products and goods from depots to Tesco stores. The team and channel of distribution is very important for Tesco operations who should try to make operations simple, cheaper and better and Tesco stores should get the right products at the right time in the right condition. Distributions are also fundamental in strategic decision making around opening new depots, and supporting the operators throughout the whole process from business case concept, through to build and opening. Level 1 business processes Tesco Retail Buying CENTRAL HEAD OFFICE Marketing Logistics Human Resource Management International Operations Non-Store Operations Property Finance Buying M Stores Suppliers Distribution Centre International = Flow of products = Flow of information Stores Customers Level 2 Business Processes Phase one of RPM Process: Understanding the needs of retail Customer Realization of requirements of new product Existing customers requirements tracking Available Information sources: Information obtained from internal sales data Information from consumer publications and suppliers Market research and Competitor analysis Phase two of RPM process: Requirements and design of product to satisfy customer needs Turning the realised need into product opportunity Mixing a few attributes to benefits customer Prescribed specifications of product qualities Phase three of RPM process Look out for a suitable Supplier Look and find a supplier that can provide, make and deliver the right product Evaluate and assess suppliers for suitability on the basis of value such as product quality, short lead time and price RPM PROCESS STAGES 4 and 5: Award the contract or Spell out order Stage 4: Place Order Detailed quantity such as packaging, size, variety, How, where and when the goods to delivered Stage 5: Assess the performance of Product for example, the sales and profits of product etc Assess supplier for on time and accurate delivery Including qualitative measures such as customer feedback Planning Logistics Warehouse capacity Location planning Scheduling Dispatching Provision of Human Resource Support Developing Human Resources information and facilities Making sure that the site is safe Supervision and management of Team Relations Administering and Planning benefits and compensation Provision of Financial Support Complete the Receivable Accounts Complete the Payable Accounts Give Financial Accounting and Controlling Support Perform Budgeting and Planning Capital Assets Planning Complete Cash Management Supervising and managing External Relations Type of BPR implementation Customer, competition and change are the three driving forces behind the ever-changing business world. Hence, companies are constantly seeking novel solutions for the problems in their businesses as of late, some established business and corporations have turned to the great solution of business process reengineering. Reengineering is critical and fundamental redesign of business processes in order to radically improve vital business measures such as speed, quality, cost, service and overall performance. BPR is not about small scale changes it is rather about radical rethinking and innovation, so BPR is not for companies desiring a 10% improvement, but for corporations and companies that expect and desire 1o fold improvement and increase. Business processes reengineering aims at the business processes and endeavours to radically redesign the strategic processes of added value which lies at the heart of business. When a company rethink what processes need to carried out in what way, then it decides up on how best that can be achieved. Reengineering targets the business processes of an organization such as the procedures and steps and resources used to make products and customer services rules which are applied to meet particular customers needs and demands. Analysis, identification, and redesign of an organizations core business processes are done by reengineering in order to obtain big improvements such as speed, quality, cost, service and overall business performance. The main motive behind BPR is the continuous implementation and development of advanced networks and information systems. Big companies are using more and more forms of technology to back up novel processes of business instead of sticking to their normal ways of carrying out work. BPR is one way of redesigning how an organizations work should be done in order to back up the organizations reduce costs and mission. BPR is not just a centralized storage system. It helps organizations pave the way for the automation of business processes based on the rules pre-defined. Business processes automation saves time, reduces costs and manual process handling time. Processes automation help eliminate human errors related to date entry for example in Excel and most manual work. ERP IMPLEMENTATION METHODOLOGY To meet the challenges of the modern business demands and run its business economically and efficiently Tesco PLC implemented the ERP in five fundamental stages: Phase 1: The Planning Phase Tesco established the necessary information and need for the implementation of ERP systems and successful implementation and redesign phases and laid the ground work. Phase 2: The Redesign Phase During the redesign stage training was given to the BPR team was trained and followed by the method of transforming the chosen processes and applying the solutions which were recommended Phase 3: The Implementation Phase Implementation phase turned the recommendations by the team to reality by realizing the redesign goals which involved planning for, prioritizing and implementing project to realize the redesign Phase 4: The Finalization Phase Finalized training program, end-user training, readiness assessment, production system prep, finalize cutover plan, communicate cutover plan, Inform external partners as necessary Phase5: Production master data conversion, Execute cutover plan, Monitor process system usage, On-site support, Issue resolution, Communicate on-going support process Tesco applied a gradual plan to implement ERP systems by adopting the step by step approach in the organization. The well-planned methodology resulted in low cost of integration in the state of careful and meticulous implementation. The chosen approach of implementation of ERP added hugely successful rate of implementing ERP. ERP systems fundamentally play the same role in the vast range of Tescos products. These ERP systems offer functionality to company internal all complex economic processing matters and providing realistic and up-to-date and accurate picture of the economic management of the company. On the basis of an intricate and current approach for managing the flow of information in the enterprise, today ERP systems are modular, open and controlled by parameters to be easily customized to the needs of the customer. One of the ERP systems keeping the latest development and functionality standards is ORASHEI a  large system supporting company internal economic management in complexity. The system allows for keeping tally of and processing all economic agendas as management of assets, material supplies, invoicing, tax documents, business trips, buildings and facilities, and financial flows. ORASHEI facilitates operative management of organizational units, planning, budgeting and evaluating economic data, especially in relation to MIS. ERP implementation benefits to Tesco The implementation of ERP in Tesco since it is first days has been nothing but a story of success giving the business full edge of service quality, efficiency, customer satisfaction and value for money products and massive savings across all business functional areas some of which are as follows: Productivity boost through using a common and homogenized sales applications and finance and human resources systems in all operations worldwide The applications and systems are centrally managed from the Bangalore IT service centre instead of each business in every country having separate applications The entire network is using uniformly Oracle financials both in core business and in global operations and finance applications and processes are centralized and consolidated globally across the Tesco group All systems and applications including Oracle financial which is used for e-invoicing and HR software PeopleSoft and measuring budgeting targets application Terradata are centralized Isotrak is a great hosted service which provides real time vehicle tracking and precise high service levels world class data centres Providing all the 26 UK distribution centres of Tesco a single transport fleet and transport management perspective Improving driver security through the provision of a key fob panic alarm that operates in or out of the vehicle, plus the ability, through vehicle tracking, to guide a swift security response Tesco distribution system has improved quantity of products dispatched per litre of fuel used by 8 percent by using Isotrak systems, outperforming its target of a 2.5 percent increase which amounts to saving over 54,000 deliveries per annum. A common platform of technology and business processes and technology together with a standardized business processes contributes to the Tesco group to be competitive and also maintain the overseas expansion and using purchasing centralised systems and processes makes the other country productive too. Supply chain efficiency has improved with Ortecs cutting edge supply chain optimization software, there is on going improvement and making certain the supply chain works effectively and efficiently, the operations cots are cut down Learning and recommendations from Tesco Implementation Even though the implementation is top driven, it is vital to clearly communicate the need and benefits of the implementation with the employees so that they understand the worth and need and give their support It is extremely important to generate energy within the team members and creating ownership in the organization. It is important to have a top-driven implementation especially for a company that is focusing on a growth of 20-30%. It really important to gauge and decide whether to buy ERP or develop customized systems within organization and set time frame for the implementation. There has to be clear setting up of accountability and ownership in the implementation stage and a special team has to be set up for regular monitoring and control Starting the integration with the finance module has been a time tested and proven implementation strategy that works almost every time Proper training has to be given to the employees during the implementation stage and monitoring has to take place to make sure the implementation has given desired results and that the user acceptance is ensured because of the ease of access and simplicity of the process Decide on the right implementation method of the systems to avoid failure assessing the needs and requirements and business demand and size. Trial runs are very important. There has to be a proper reporting and documentation system in any organization. This can be achieved by the implementation of ERP because it automates the reporting and documentation is available in electronic media. It is important to know the total cost of ownership and identify if the implementation will produce results. ERP most of all gives a transparency in a system that facilitates overall growth and empowers the people and motivates them as they know whats happening in the organization Conclusion ERP Implementation and IT system introduction and innovation have been a steady on going process at Tesco and always lies at the heart of business processes improvement and has been a story of success and achievement whether it is been partially Tesco developed system or collaboration. ERP/BRP and IT have not only contributed to core business growth, automation and efficiency of processes in business functional areas but also saving time, money, improving quality, safety and global growth and expansion and brand name in Tescos leadership drive.

Essay on the Metamorphosis of Tom in The Glass Menagerie

The Metamorphosis of Tom in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams      Ã‚   In Tennessee William's play, The Glass Menagerie, the character of Tom is both a son and a brother. Tom has also been forced into the role as the man of the house because of his father's departure. He is very unique and somewhat unpredictable in his words and actions. Tom is selfish, yet caring, and he has a strong need for adventure. Without doubt, Tom is the most round and dynamic character in the play. Tom's role in his household is to provide for his sister and mother by working at the shoe warehouse. He basically gives up his life so his family can live. So how can one say that Tom is selfish? The reader has to look further than skin deep. Tom works at the warehouse but he truly despises it, because in scene three he said, "I'd rather somebody picked up a crowbar and batter out my brains than go back mornings."(Williams 1036).   Also, it seems Tom does not care if he gets fired or not judging by the amount of time that he spends writing poetry at work. Tom does not appreciate what he has or that his family is provided for. Tom also shows a hint of selfishness when he tells Amanda that there is nothing in that house that he can honestly call his own. Tom also goes to the movies or gets drunk almost every night and he knows that Amanda and Laura are worried about him but that changes nothing. He still goes out without thinking of how it affects his mother or sister.   To escape from his slow life while he was at home Tom goes to the movies almost every night. It is at the movies that Tom can drink and somehow live his adventurous life through his imagination and the characters in the movies. The movies only satisfied Tom's thirst for adve... .... Works Cited Bloom, Harold Ed. Modern Critical Views: Tennessee Williams. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1987. Fordyce, William. "Tennessee William's Tom Wingfield"   Papers on Language and Literature 34.3 (Summer 1998): 250-272.   ProQuest.   Jacobs Library, Oglesby, IL.   11 July 2001. <http://www.umi.com/proquest>. Jolemore, Nancy.   "Lecture Notes and Study Guide Questions for Tennessee William's The Glass Menagerie."   Old Dominion University.   18 January   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2000.   29 June 2001. <http://courses.lib.odu.edu/engl/njolemor>. Reser, Rob.   "A Touch of Glass."   29 June 2001. <http://www.filmspot.com/glassmenagerie.html>. Williams, Tennessee.   The Glass Menagerie.   Literature and The Writing Process.   5th ed. Elizabeth McMahan, Susan X. Day, and Robert Funk. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice, 1999.   693-734.

Analysis of The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield Essay -- The Cele

Analysis of The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield tells the story of a man who tries to learn and understand the nine key insights into life itself in an ancient manuscript that has been discovered in Peru. It predicts a massive spiritual transformation of society in the late twentieth century. We will finally grasp the secrets of the universe, the mysteries of existence, and the meaning of life. The real meaning and purpose of life will not be found in religion or in material wealth, but rather in things like auras. He comes across the insights in numerical order since that is how one must understand them. Overcoming an initial skepticism, the narrator's understanding grows with each insight. They include the following: 1. A Critical Mass. 2. The Longer Now. 3. A Matter of Energy. 4. The Struggle for Power. 5. The Message of the Mystics. 6. Clearing the Past. 7. Engaging the Flow. 8. The Interpersonal Ethic. 9. The Emerging Culture. In the first 15 pages, while the plot is still forming, at least eight basic ideas are introduced: a spiritual awakening is occurring in the world (p.4); humanity is evolving into a higher spiritual consciousness (p.4); seek the experiential (p.5); coincidences have spiritual significance (synchronicity) (p.6); the knowledge contained in the manuscript's insights has been hidden from most of the world (esoteric, secret knowledge) (p.8); anti-Christian attitudes (p.9); discover truth through experience (p.10); and when the student is ready, the teacher appears (p.15). These ideas are not always expressed in so many words, but their principles are. For example, the basis of the story is that the spiritual insights humanity needs are hidden in an ancient document, and must be uncovered if mankind is to advance spiritually. Not everyone, according to the story, is ready for or able to comprehend these teachings. The insights are for those spiritually ripe, the spiritual elite. The book i mplies that in time others will accept these ideas but for now the more advanced must lead until a critical mass of people have grasped the insights. The first two insights are that coincidences have a deep significance and that this decision-making should guide an individual. Later insights build on this, teaching the narrator that he should be guided by daydreams, intuitions and thoughts that ma... ... over several years time. Crossroads encountered several times in one day in The Celestine Prophecy probably happen over a much longer period to someone finding one's self. I enjoyed and was intrigued by the control dramas analogy that was presented in The Celestine Prophecy. They sure seemed to enhance understanding on the issue. Also this spiritual enlightenment story portrayed to me that healing to an awareness of our inner light can move right along when we are not encumbered by blame and guilt. There was no judgment implied as to which choices that one makes, it seemed to be simply a matter of preference if one chose to liberate or not. Acceptance of whatever is flows through the entire book. Naturally we would come to choose healing, and naturally we would tolerate those not ready to do so yet. But what blew me away is how blatantly and clearly the writing conveyed how the fearful phenomenon of dysfunctional codependency plays itself out--people attempting to live on each o ther's energy in lieu of tapping their own inner power. This can be seen in the scene where they seen the energies exchange between some people. All and all I enjoyed reading this novel by James Redfield. Analysis of The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield Essay -- The Cele Analysis of The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield The Celestine Prophecy by James Redfield tells the story of a man who tries to learn and understand the nine key insights into life itself in an ancient manuscript that has been discovered in Peru. It predicts a massive spiritual transformation of society in the late twentieth century. We will finally grasp the secrets of the universe, the mysteries of existence, and the meaning of life. The real meaning and purpose of life will not be found in religion or in material wealth, but rather in things like auras. He comes across the insights in numerical order since that is how one must understand them. Overcoming an initial skepticism, the narrator's understanding grows with each insight. They include the following: 1. A Critical Mass. 2. The Longer Now. 3. A Matter of Energy. 4. The Struggle for Power. 5. The Message of the Mystics. 6. Clearing the Past. 7. Engaging the Flow. 8. The Interpersonal Ethic. 9. The Emerging Culture. In the first 15 pages, while the plot is still forming, at least eight basic ideas are introduced: a spiritual awakening is occurring in the world (p.4); humanity is evolving into a higher spiritual consciousness (p.4); seek the experiential (p.5); coincidences have spiritual significance (synchronicity) (p.6); the knowledge contained in the manuscript's insights has been hidden from most of the world (esoteric, secret knowledge) (p.8); anti-Christian attitudes (p.9); discover truth through experience (p.10); and when the student is ready, the teacher appears (p.15). These ideas are not always expressed in so many words, but their principles are. For example, the basis of the story is that the spiritual insights humanity needs are hidden in an ancient document, and must be uncovered if mankind is to advance spiritually. Not everyone, according to the story, is ready for or able to comprehend these teachings. The insights are for those spiritually ripe, the spiritual elite. The book i mplies that in time others will accept these ideas but for now the more advanced must lead until a critical mass of people have grasped the insights. The first two insights are that coincidences have a deep significance and that this decision-making should guide an individual. Later insights build on this, teaching the narrator that he should be guided by daydreams, intuitions and thoughts that ma... ... over several years time. Crossroads encountered several times in one day in The Celestine Prophecy probably happen over a much longer period to someone finding one's self. I enjoyed and was intrigued by the control dramas analogy that was presented in The Celestine Prophecy. They sure seemed to enhance understanding on the issue. Also this spiritual enlightenment story portrayed to me that healing to an awareness of our inner light can move right along when we are not encumbered by blame and guilt. There was no judgment implied as to which choices that one makes, it seemed to be simply a matter of preference if one chose to liberate or not. Acceptance of whatever is flows through the entire book. Naturally we would come to choose healing, and naturally we would tolerate those not ready to do so yet. But what blew me away is how blatantly and clearly the writing conveyed how the fearful phenomenon of dysfunctional codependency plays itself out--people attempting to live on each o ther's energy in lieu of tapping their own inner power. This can be seen in the scene where they seen the energies exchange between some people. All and all I enjoyed reading this novel by James Redfield.

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery :: Beauty and the Media

Beauty - Moving Beyound Eating Disorders and Plastic Surgery Everywhere we look there is an alluring face, an exotic, flawless statuesque body, overlaying one of the largest networking systems for fashion, beauty, and cosmetics of all kinds. Magazines such as Elle, Vogue, Maxim, FHM, and many more, feed into woman’s minds of what is beautiful or the ideal self. We all struggle with coming in touch with our real self-verses our ideal self. Angelina Jolie is considered publicly as one of the most beautiful women in the world. So what is it about her that is so captivating? Her lustrous lips, which are not collagen injected? Her long black, brown, or even dirty blonde hair, depending on her role I suppose? Not to mention, the one thing that is, unfortunately and freely observed the most; her sex appeal. Here is an example of what I mean. In a movie called â€Å"Gia,’ she portrays a heroin addicted model, which might I add, is a movie based on actual events. Her career and health were diminished because of her addiction and the amou nt of pressure put on her to live up to the industries expectations. But does the film industry take these factual events to a level of complete disillusion? The answer is no. Beautiful women everywhere, that are not celebrities or models, constantly adjust themselves to remain on an unbalanced pedestal that purposively determines what defines being attractive. The amount of hype in the entertainment society causes several problems in the cosmetics of fashion. Young teenage woman strive to achieve having the prettiest hair with the perfect highlight. These young, vulnerable teenagers are determined to be the ultimate trendsetter. Weight loss and gain is a common issue among this vulnerable, low self-esteemed, diamonds in the rough. For instance, take the Hollywood Diet. The Hollywood Diet is a liquid drink composed of vitamins and minerals, amongst natural diuretics and orange extract. Some of the ingredients may cause an increase in blood pressure when introducing cardiovascular activities. Also, for some people, when there is a pre-existing heart condition combined with improper meal intake and no mineral supplements, heart failure can occur. Woman tend to compare themselves a lot with celebrities or even other beautiful woman they simply pass in the streets. From a personal perspective, I make comparisons all the time. Eating disorders are an unfortunate disease that many suffer from due to the glamorized depiction of what beauty really is.

The Kite Runner Redemption

What is the worst thing you have done to a friend or family member? Have you lied to them? Stolen from them? After the dreadful deed, did they forgive you? More importantly, did you forgive yourself? Regret and redemption are very important themes in the book The Kite Runner. Having regret for something can affect your whole life, as seen with the character, Amir. Through the development of Amir and his childhood friend, Hassan, Amir has to live with his regret and hope for redemption for the rest of his life. From the beginning of the story The Kite Runner, it is apparent that Amir did something wrong from the very first page. Amir says, â€Å"Standing in the kitchen with the receiver to my ear, I knew it wasn’t just Rahim Khan on the line. It was my past of unatoned sins. † (1). The reader understands that Amir had done something wrong in the winter of 1975. Later, we figure out what this â€Å"something† was; he watched Hassan get raped. It was after Amir had just won his kite race and Hassan had gone to fetch the winning kite. He then came across the bullies of the neighborhood: Assef, Kamal, and Wali. Assef tried to take the kite, but like a loyal friend, Hassan would not let him. Assef then let Hassan keep the kite, but only to pay the price of being raped. Amir stood behind a wall and watched it all happen without saying one word. This is probably one of the most important scenes in the whole book; Amir’s actions from this shaped how he grew up and lived the rest of his life with regret. After Amir watched Hassan get raped, nothing was the same. He was filled with guilt and regret. He felt like a coward. â€Å"I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me. I was afraid of getting hurt. † (77). He could not turn and help his friend because he was scared, and he wanted the approval of his father for once; he thought bringing home the kite would win Baba over. Little did he know that he ruined the rest of his life by doing this. Amir was filled with such regret that he had to get rid of Hassan one way or another. He could not stand the secret that he had from that night and wanted the pain to go away. Amir changed his and Hassan’s relationship that night. Even after Amir framed Hassan and got him to leave, Amir’s guilt did not go away and he was forever regretting all the decisions he had been making up to this point. Amir and Baba ended up going to America to try to get away from their past and get the redemption they both were longing for. After living life in America, Amir received a phone call from his old friend, Rahim Khan. Rahim Khan had been looking for some redemption of his own because he had been keeping a secret from Amir his whole life; Hassan was actually Baba’s son and Amir’s half brother. Hassan had died and Rahim wanted Amir to retrieve Hassan’s son, Sohrab. Amir still carried around the guilt from the winter of 1975 and decided this was his chance to redeem himself. As Rahim Khan said, â€Å"There was a way to be good again. † (2). This was Amir’s way to be good again. Amir had been looking for redemption his whole life. Retrieving Sohrab would rid himself of this. Amir also outstepped his coward personality when he was faced to a battle with Assef. This part of the book was one of the other most important scenes. Amir came out with Sohrab and he finally got the redemption that he was seeking for since the day he watched Hassan get raped. Throughout the book there were many examples of redemption. It mostly occurred in Amir as we saw his relationship with Hassan grow throughout the book. Amir had such guilt that he had to drive Hassan away; this proved how much of a coward he really was. After that day, he always carried around the guilt of betraying his friend and finally absolved himself by finding his redemption when retrieving Sohrab. Even though his decision of being a coward affected his life miserably, it still shaped him into the man that he was at the end of the book. Hosseini, Khaled. The Kite Runner. New York: Riverhead Books, 2003.

Ethical Dilemma in Glengarry Glen Ross

Nietzsches claim that God is dead arouses enkindle questions non only on what or who killed God but also on how gracious cab bet, de cancel of the coherent-held comfort of the star scrape of good and virtuous grounds, would formulate judgements of what is tangible, steady-going, or beautiful in their lives and in the creation. The honour able and ethical contradiction of a world where true statement does non exist is shown in the celluloid Glengarry Glen Rose which is an exploration of the motivations and neural impulse of individuals in a society where the wave-particle duality good and evil fool ceased to c altogether on the measurements.Arguably, the picture portrays the ethical dilemma in a postmodern world, notably pose by Nietzsche, who observed that the demise of the opinion of absolute Truth is a double-edged sword for society. This is because the need of clearcut and universally held concepts of what is in force(p) or wrong, while at start seems to connote freedom, ultimately leaves a void that leads to tender-hearted despair and nihilistic feelings.Adapted for the ample screen from a bet pen by the movies handler David Mamet (1992), Glengarry Glen Ross follows two days in the lives of quadruplet real country agents who face a bleak future if they do not constraining a deal soon. These characters, contend by a veteran and magnificent cast which includes Al Pacino (Ricky itinerant), Jack Lemmon (Shelley Levene), Ed Harris (Dave Moss), and Alan Arkin (George Aaronow), be told point blank by company representative Blake (Alec Baldwin) that the company forget fire every salesman except for the exculpate two within one week.The agents, fearsome to retain their jobs and continue to earn a backing, commit actions that raise questions and at the same(p) time comments on how far human universes in todays society would go to preserve themselves and attain their worldly-minded dreams. In a couple of days, the characters establish involved in a serial publication of events that show how human culture has hugely suffered from the lack of ethical and moral considerations.Apart from capturing the unpatterned decay in human culture, the subscribe is particularly concerned ab pop out the motives and assumptions that take on each sales agents actions and how these motives a great deal result in contact interests. This is evident in how the themes of integrity, status, and identity atomic fig 18 tackled found on the feelings, thoughts, and actions of the characters in the require. For instance, Blakes character as a remorse slight and unfeeling company representative is intelligibly intended to parody the attitude of wide business when it comes to ensuring a healthy layer line, which is clearly against the interest of its workers.On the other hand, these workersor salespeopleare depicted as mistakable to Blake himself in terms of cruelty and lack of humanity. Ricky Roma, for instance, is later shown to be a flinty soul who takes advantage of the weaknesses of others to advance his objectives. Shelley Levene overly resorts to thievery in order to c retire a sale and exact requital on his perceived enemies. In the end, Blakes character with its apparent inhumanity frames less despicable as the frailties and weaknesses of other characters are exposed. Ironically, the audience is led to feel pity for such human weakness preferably of universe led to feel righteous. This is because the film attempts to evoke empathy in its viewers for characters who are, alas, as human as the viewers are and whose justifications for wrongdoing resonate with the audience.Arguably, the narrative of the movie itself is a statement against the moralsor the lack of itof the quadruplet real estate agents. In this sense, Glengarry Glen Ross delivers a stinging judge of how societys sense of moral philosophy and even the sense of morality have been replaced by materialistic desires. The story of the four salesmen, desperate and immoral, mirrors the realities faced by individuals in their quest for personal achievement and a higher social status and how this quest, ironically, often results to the further debasement of the humanity in the individual.The film, in fact, is full of such play at irony that depicts how peoples worth are not judged by society based on how good they live their lives but on the number of material things they possess. In this social order, public are segregated by their class, cultural identity, and gender which determine their ability or their eligibility for access to basic and higher needs. The films narrative itself, which revolves around real estate agents trying to sell territory in its figurative and literal implication, alludes to the government agency in which world are not anymore concerned with telling the rightfulness or with earning a living through with(predicate) honest ways or at least, without causing the ruin of others. Apparently, todays world has gone beyond being immoral or corrupted to being amoral or lacking in moral standards itself.Thus, the ethical dilemma raised by the film reflects Nietzsches argument on the devastation of God, referring to the demise of societys dualist impression of good or evil. With this death, everything that humans have come to believe in becomes subject to doubt as law falters in its absolute hold on consciousness. In this society, even the realities of human bearthe entire spectrum of feelings and thoughtscan be questioned and examined for their validity. merciful acts are therefore defined not by their conformity with accepted norms or intrinsic set but by the circumstance surrounding them. This circumstance, in turn, becomes the standard by which an act becomes socially acceptable.In Glengarry Glen Ross, the death of universal values and norms for what is good or evil meant that ethical considerations were dispensable and were utile only when t he need arises. Ricky Romas character, for instance, engages in a monologuewhich is later revealed to be a sales bearthat shows how society and individuals have suspended all forms of judgement in favor of individuality. Accordingly, Romas speech, which deals with stealing, cheating, and even pedophilia in a nonchalant manner, is a tell-tale sign of the central argument made in the film that the death of absolute Truth has entailed the death of things once cherished by humans such as the concept of love and goodness.According to Nietzsche, this has created a void in individuals who felt lost without the ethical values and concept of morality that served to anchor their lives. Instead, these ethical ideals such as Truth, were replaced by the notion that there was a multiplicity of truth depending on how these benefitted society or the individual. Ultimately, however, Nietzsche points out that this loss of a sense of ethics and morality also leads, for many individuals, to lose their sense of meaning and to despair. Thus, loneliness and desperation is pervasive in Glengarry Glen Ross for how could men prosecute in crafting lies to their fellow humans in order to earn a living be able to live sincerely yours meaningful lives?It is therefore in represent the ruthless and callous ways with which human beings act in a form dominated by materialistic notions of success and happiness, that Glengarry Glen Ross succeeds at brutally dissecting individual motivations and actions based on Nietzsches philosophy. Consequently, the film is able to provoke retrospection on what has become a reality for many individuals in a materialistic society, and to evoke the termination of whether this is a reality that is worth maintaining for the long term or one that needs to be transformed and changed to affirm the meaning of human life.Work CitedGlengarry Glen Ross. Dir. David Mamet. Perf. Jack Lemmon, Al Pacino, Ed Harris, Alec Baldwin, Alan Arkin, and Kevin Spacey. New Line C inema, 1992.

Issues of Managerial Accounting Essay

Managerial chronicle is come to with providing information to managers that is , people inside an organization who film or control its operations. Via managerial explanation managers understood that good caper results come from self-propelled influencees , procedures and practices that are well visualiseed and properly utilise and managed. Certified management accountants are qualified to wait on their fellow managers achieve good business results because they abide earned an advanced certification that addresses all classical aspects of accountancy inside organization.The role management accounts scarper within organizations supporting decision making , intend , and control. In short , the emphasis in business and the role of accounting should be more close doing business rather than tabulating and reporting historical pecuniary results. Now a days , management accounting plays a very important role for the supremacy of an organizations. The modern and present-d ay(a) issues of management accounting in manufacturing and service of process sector is developing the skills of the manager.Besides , circumspection accounting information is a useful row to enable go against collaboration between engineers, designers, marketers and separate parties knotted in intersection point increase, including suppliers. Managing suppliers is an important division of controlling output signal cost, and there are unbendable benefits to involving them and sharing data and specifications at an early stop of product development. Contemporary issues of management accounting plays an relate over manufacturing sector.Current issues aid advanced manufacturing techniques (both production technologies such as robotics and management tools such as just-in-time) led to a reducing proportion of costs being accounted for by direct materials and direct labour. distinguishable parts of the value image therefore mother more important than the production line , for example, relationships with suppliers and customers. Globalisation has change magnitude the importance of supply chain management, as pretend and costs increase with complexity. vigilance accountants can help develop a strategy to manage suppliers so that they fit in with the companys have lean production methods and pursuit of value added. Management accountants can help companies analyse their value chain in order to understand better where the close to value is created and where costs arise. Using techniques such as whole of life costing, this analysis can be given beyond point of sale to the customer. Management accounting started as a discipline to support better manufacturing decision making.Although the discipline has evolved to also support service industries and not-for-profit organisations, it has also evolved to keep pace with hot developments in manufacturing technology and practices. So we can understand how current issues of management accounting plays an i mpact in manufacturing sector. We leave behind discuss about few important present-day(a) and current issues of management accounting and how this issues are component a organization to gain its cultivation and to develop day by day. Some contemporary issues of management accounting are TQM (Total part management) TQM is a set of management practices throughout the organization, geared to look into the organization consistently meets or exceeds customer requirements. TQM places strong focus on process measurement and controls as means of continuous improvement. TQM functions on the premise that the quality of products and processes is the responsibility of everyone who is invoved with the creation or consumption of the products or services offered by an organization. Cross Functional convergence Design Cross functional product development is a widely used method for involving different functional areas in new product/process development. This process refers direct labor empl oyees are knobbed to a great extent before introducing new products or making product changes. And manufacturing engineers are involved to a great extent before the first appearance of new products. And in cross functional product design there is a little intricacy of manufacturing and quality people in the early design or products before they reach plant.